The Quest for Knowledge in Wrights Black Boy - Literature Essay Samples

In his autobiographical account, Black Boy, Richard Wright instills in the reader the hunger that he felt for knowledge, as this drive had been suppressed by his environment. Wrights quest for knowledge and literacy parallels that of W. E. B. DuBois, a contemporary who had many of the same goals for all African-Americans that Wright had. Whereas DuBois wrote his essays in a persuasive plea to the American people, Wrights novel simply relays the trials and tribulations of a black man who fought against the system of prejudice from whites, as well as the conflicts that he has with members of his own race as a result of their inability to rise above these prejudices. Philosopher Renà © Descartes said, I think, therefore, I am, and this sentiment is shown throughout the book by the young Wright. He sees that since colonial times, blacks were treated as nothing, only property that could be bought and sold for the benefit of the white men who had owned them; therefore, the black popul ation, especially in the deep South, believed that they, though freed by the Emancipation Proclamation, were still bound by shackles of slavery. As a result of their disenfranchisement, many blacks developed a negative self-image, in which they removed many necessary components of the human soul, such as the knowledge that they were equal to their white oppressors, complete with the same passions, feelings, and needs. As a means of surviving in an imposing environment, blacks followed the path that they had known since before the Civil War, that of the inferior laborer, hoping that one day their physical work efforts would give them enough financial support to change the system. In following a path such as this, blacks were forced to abandon many of the dreams which Wright and DuBois held strongly, such as the ability to be intellects and hold positions as writers, doctors, and professors and allowed themselves to be treated as they had been before the Civil War. By examining his tory, we realize that the social or political powers of the past have always feared literacy amongst the laity, for with knowledge comes power. This is a struggle that we see in Black Boy. We this struggle to stifle intelligence in both sections of the book, but by two very different and opposing groups. First, as a child, Richards attempts at literacy are stifled by his grandmother, a pawn of white society. In the second section of the book, we see how the Communist party shares the same fear that the Deep South holds, that the blind followers of the Communist party will rebel against authority. Wright vehemently disagrees with both doctrines of illiteracy, for he can see the motives behind them, as he is a self-educated man, and being so, finds flaws in the systems that rule the world around him. He sees that intelligence is the key to an efficiently run society, one in which everyone can make their own decisions based upon the facts and their feelings, rather than being mis led.Though Richard is unaware why at the time, he finds this desire to achieve a heightened intellectual level at a young age. When his mother moves the family to Jackson to live with Richards grandmother, the young boy becomes interested in the novel that the young schoolteacher is reading for pleasure. Intrigued to see someone of his own color reading, he questions Ella about her book, only to witness what the older generation, one which was raised in slavery, thought of leisure reading. Granny, so enraged by the difference in values between herself and the young schoolteacher, immediately scolds both Richard and Ella for reading. By hanging on to the doctrines that slave owners taught to slaves, that they were not intelligent enough to learn, Granny, a typical representative of the black community then, helps to contribute to the ignorance that is see in many blacks at the time. She is unaware that the reason that she had been taught about the evils of reading was for the so le purpose of holding blacks at their current level of thinking. She does not understand that the material possessed in many books could help blacks to prove their equality and provide ammunition for the fight against racism and injustice. Richard, for reasons unknown even to him, is drawn to the knowledge contained in the books, and looking back on his life, understands how important those first novels were to him. Although they served as a means to entertain him with their stories of brave heroes and violence, they also provided him with the power to understand many issues that many of his peers could not see. This hobby that he found as a child was the basis for his ability to decipher the dense materials he read as a young adult, when he borrowed books from the library which dealt with political theory and the problems that authors were seeing in society. After reading, he realizes that if known by the black community, these concepts would give them the power to rise above the blanket of prejudice in the South. The Communist Party that Richard writes for as a young man also shares this sentiment that knowledge is bad for the general public. The leaders of the party understood that many of its followers would be interested in reading, and for this purpose, put out its own publications. If members were caught reading materials that were of a different opinion than that of the leaders, those members were chastised. Whether or not the reader was influenced was of no importance, as Richard learns when he asks one of the members what would it mean if he were reading Trotsky, for there was so much fear that readers could possibly be influenced that the option had to be eliminated. The majority of the blacks that Wright introduces us to in the book all seem to hold onto the values that were given to them by the same power that they were fighting against. This was a common practice at this time, for many blacks felt that they were too powerless to fight yet. They felt that if they followed the plans that white men had set out for them, then they would one day be able to break free of the bars of discrimination found in the South. This was a major argument at the time, whether blacks should be laborers and attempt to accumulate wealth, one day being rich enough to have power, or whether they should become educated, and able to lead an intellectual revolution, proving to doubters that they were equal to whites in their ability. This doctrine of working and waiting for the day when everyone would be free is the exact type of doctrine that Wright despised. We see this in many instances, but two in particular. First, his experiences with Shorty at the hotel and second with his attitudes towards religion. He becomes utterly dismayed by Shortys actions, for not only does Shorty permit the white men to beat him like a slave, but also because this is just an example of blacks allowing whites to rule them in order to gain immediate gra tification. Religion, another example of the blacks willingness to endure pain and strife is a very important aspect of the novel, for we see Richard disregarding its worth altogether. His attitude towards religion stems from many different directions, but most importantly, his contempt is fueled by the fact that many blacks were using religion as a symbol of real life. Blacks used stories in the Bible as a means of justifying the pain around them. They were preached sermons declaring how much suffering that Jesus and his disciples or Moses and his people endured, and how great the benefits were when they died and went to Heaven. This parallels their ideas that they were willing to endure all the pain and suffering on Earth, so long as they would live a good life in Heaven after death. They ignored the fact that their oppressors followed the same religion, expecting the same rewards, yet were also enjoying the benefits of living happily on Earth. Black Boy presents a very con vincing argument for the cultivation of the black mans intelligence, though it never explicitly advocates it. The message lies under the surface, that knowledge is the best weapon that we have in any fight. This is expressed by example, as we see how easy it is for the uneducated to be manipulated by those with more knowledge. We see how easy it is for Richard to sell insurance to them. We see how easy it is for the Communists to rally support for the party, even though many members do not even understand much of the doctrine. Wright simply shows us the evidence, and in doing so, makes it blatantly clear his position on where blacks stood at the time of the books publication. He sees the start of the racial equality movement and sees its potential, provided that both the leaders and followers are educated. He tells the story of his own life so that readers can understand his attitudes by learning what experiences shaped them. He knows that the path toward progress is a trial and error process, and he is showing us what he has seen work and what he has seen fail. In doing so, he tries to guide readers make change by arming themselves with knowledge rather than wealth, to try to make a difference now instead of waiting for the future.

Stem Cells And The Ethics Behind Their Use - 1606 Words

Stem Cells and the Ethics behind their Use Stem cells have the capability to become any type of cell. This process is possible because they are unspecialized and can divide to create new cells through cell division. Stem cells have the ability to become skin cells as well as organ cells (Stem Cell Information, 2015). There are two different types of stem cells which can be used in various ways. The first of the two is the embryonic stem cell which is found inside the embryo within its first few days (Embryonic Stem Cells, 2015). The embryonic stem cell is found in the inner mass of cells of the embryo in its earliest stage. It can be used for many different experiments most involving research to cure diseases of the heart and nervous system (Embryonic Stem Cells, 2015). The second is the adult stem cell which can be found in most tissues and organs. An adult stem cell’s main job in the body is to repair and maintain the cells that they were found with. There are many applications for stem cell research including human development, toxicology, and transplantation medicine, however, are the methods of gaining these cells ethical? Human development research refers to pregnancy loss in young and older women. The embryonic stem cell can be used to determine developmental issues that can arise during pregnancy. For instance, genes are known to be turned on and off during development (Stem Cell Information, 2015). When this is done at the wrong time it can lead to abnormal growthShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research : Ethics, Cloning And Curing The Disease1220 Words   |  5 PagesOutline Stem Cell Research - Ethics, Cloning and Curing the Disease Introduction According to former Speaker of the House, John Boehner, †Stem cell research must be carried out in an ethical manner in a way that respects the sanctity of human life.† In recent events, stem cell research has caught the attention of the nation and stirred up controversy about the research and ethics along with it. Ethically, stem cell research has caught more attention than the research behind it. Stem cell researchRead MoreTaking a Look at Human Cloning848 Words   |  3 Pagescloning can save countless lives through stem cell research or by finding cures for diseases. Human cloning is not just cloning people depending on the cells in the embryo the embryo will grow to become those selected cells; like stem cells. Stem cell research itself is not controversial; the process of creating stem cells in embryos is what is so controversial. When an embryo is emptied to make room for the desired cells it becomes impossible for the original cells to form or to grow. This is all theRead MoreEthics of Frankenstein Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley is a work of fiction that breaks the ethics of science. Ethics is defined as rules of conduct or moral principles which are ignored in the story. The story is about a person named Victor Frankenstein who creates an artificial being. Victor abandons the being out of fear and the being is left to discover the outside world on his own and be rejected by people making the monster go on a violent rampage. Victor’s decision would affect him later on by theRead MoreA Research On Stem Cells1560 Words   |  7 PagesRose Hercilla Mr. Hoffman Biology Viewpoint: Political Stem Cells Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated and can develop into any kind of cell needed in the body. The most common stem cells used for research and referred to are human embryonic stem cells. They are formed in embryos to help establish the body and organs for the fetus. Scientists can now fertilize eggs in a lab, which is a process frequently used for people who have difficulties becoming pregnant naturally, also known asRead MoreEmbryonic Of Stem Cell Research Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Francois Rabelais, the famous Renaissance humanist, once said, â€Å"Science without conscience is the death of the soul† (Rabelais, Francois). Since the late 1960’s, this has been the stance for opponents of embryonic stem cell research. This is saying, if we are willing to take a fertilized embryo and kill it before it has even had time to develop, where is our conscience, our heart? We consider this form of stem cell research to be immoral and unethical. ScientistsRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cells615 Words   |  3 Pagesinjuries. One of the topics he pushed for was embryonic stem cell research. Christopher Reeve died on October 10th, 2004, never fulfilling his goal to walk again. But if he had gotten the support and funding for stem cell research, his story might have ended differently. Embryonic stem cell research should be funded in the U.S because it could lead to the treatment to many diseases, there are other sources of stem cells, but they are limite d to their use, and the eight-celled blastocysts cannot grow anyRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research852 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge of stem cell research has already created the ability for doctors to print a functional organ just as easily as people can print a persuasive research essay. With great medical advancements comes great controversy. The main way researchers have been studying stem cells is by harvesting undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Those who oppose embryonic stem cell research claim that stem cell harvesting damages and kills the un-born embryo; however, because of advancements in the stem cell harvestingRead MoreThe Ethical Implications Of Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy1399 Words   |  6 Pages The advancement of embryonic stem cell therapies and transplants has drastically changed the realm of medical research. However, the use of human embryos is an ethical concern among researchers around the world. There are several benefits for embryonic stem cells therapy. Embryonic stem cells are beneficial to researchers due to their unique ability to replicate themselves and make specialized cells for any tissue in the body. These cells serve as a potential to cure various diseases and disabilitiesRead MoreThe Debate Of Stem Cell Research1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Stem Cell Debate In 1998, President Bill Clinton issued a National Bioethics Advisory Commission to begin to study the question of stem cell research (Stem Cells Fast Facts). Since then many advances have been made and stem cells have been used to aid in the alleviation of several medical conditions such as macular degeneration, bone marrow deficiencies, and growing new sheets of new skin for burn victims (Hug). Even though there is much stigma surrounding stem cell research, the medicalRead MoreThe Ethical Theories Of Ethical Subjectivism, Utilitarianism, And Deontological Ethics1006 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosopher’s Way by John Chaffee, I will explain the ethical theories of ethical subjectivism, utilitarianism, and Deontological ethics. Secondly, I will summarize the main points of my article and then act in response using the three ethical theories previously listed. I will also explain which ethical theory best represents the article. Then, I will provide reasoning as to why stem-cell r esearch is important; and lastly, I will offer two open-ended questions. Defined Ethical Theories All the ethical theories

Analysis Of John Steinbeck s The Great Gatsby

Research Rough Draft Paper By: Elizabeth Mozey December 11, 2015 English 2 Ever wondered who was the best author in America? John Steinbeck was an amazing author and his life story was also interesting. Steinbeck had an interesting childhood, family, and adult life, along with award winning novels. John was born to be a writer and it didn’t just brighten political views but really influenced his time. Some characters in his novels and inspirations mainly came from Salinas valley. John Steinbeck was born February the twenty seventh 1902,in Salinas, CA, USA. There were four children in his family and he was the only boy. While he was going to Salinas High School, Steinbeck worked as a farm hand at sugar beet farm. John graduated high school in 1919, and enrolled at Stanford school university. His father, John Ernst Steinbeck, he was a manager for Sperry flour mill. He also was a book keeper and accountant who served many years as the treasure of Monterey County, California. His father was also a mellow man and he failed at most of his attempts. On the other hand, Steinbeck’s mother, Olive Hamilton, was a teacher and she was a very ambitious women. She was also interested in the arts and that’s where Steinbeck got his love for literature. John was married three times. There was two children named Thomas and John IV. John got his degree in Marine Biology. He left school to Go to New York and become a reporter. John never liked any of His jobs, so he moved back toShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2103 Words   |  9 PagesIn both The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck the theme of time plays a large role which is easily analyzed by the Reader-Response criticism. Every sense of the word time is an important aspect in both novels. These instances of time come in many different forms. In The Great Gatsby the time-period plays a large role in how the reader perceives the characters and their roles in society. The same goes for Of Mice and Men, however the characters in each novelsRead MoreOf Mice And Men And The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1699 Words   |  7 PagesIn Of Mice Men and The Great Gatsby, how do people’s American Dream differ, what do they have in common, and how do people feel about the dreams of others? The American Dream. The idea of fulfilling your life’s dreams, whether to marry, to retire, to buy a house or to fall in love, is a theme commonly shared in both Of Mice Men by John Steinbeck and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. In Of Mice Men, best friends George and Lennie travel from ranch to ranch in the hope of finally earningRead MoreInterpretations Of The American Dream1718 Words   |  7 Pagesbaby. They never were no infant. We were wrong.† (Steinbeck 385). The American Dream of the family gets further destroyed when the flood water flowed to their box car home by making them threatened with the destruction of all their properties. â€Å"The family huddled on the platforms, silent and fretful. The water was six inches deep in the car before the flood spread evenly over the embankment and struck into the cotton field on the other side† (Steinbeck 389). All these yarns in the navel point out theRead More Censorship in the Classroom Essay2774 Words   |  12 Pages The Figure in the Shadows by John Bellairs The Headless Cupid by Zilpha Snyder The Pigman by Paul Zindel Witches, Pumpkins, and Grinning Ghosts: The Story of Halloween Symbols by Edna Barth    Taking the Lords name in vain: Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Bridge to Terribithia by Katherine Paterson My Brother Sam Is Dead by James Lincoln Collier and Christopher Collier The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck The Great Gilly Hopkins by Katherine PatersonRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesrepetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group. The following line from Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,: I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolic, of something else, usually a larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical event

Strategic Marketing Plan For The Organization Essay

Introduction As a warehouse employee i was assigned a project to work on strategic marketing plan for the organisation. After my research i outlined the following points:- 1 porters five academic model 1 Supplier: How do your actions affect costs, supplies and evolution? If there are a limited number of suppliers, it is the power of his favour and switching cost can be prohibitive to a situation with a large number of suppliers. There may be too few buyers, suppliers. 2. Power of buyers: There may be few buyers of the product, which could mean that forces down prices and dictate business terms. If there are many buyers and sellers may decide not to provide a few, because other buyers. An example is the grocery sector since the warehouse want to maintain power over suppliers due to price of products they express its terms and set prices and can work over it anytime. 3. The threat of new entry: Competition increased these days a lot and it can we can find it from any business small to big business so warehouse also got its competitor and they always threat of new competition and the organisation must make some plan again them for future as well then they can compete them, For example, when industry in going in profits then the organisation threat for new entry in business, companies to enter the market to take advantage because leading to profits for all firms in the industry. When profits fall down company wish that some industry exit the markets to maintain marketShow MoreRelatedWhy Do Healthcare Practices Need a Marketing Plan?793 Words   |  3 Pagesadvertising and marketing efforts for the coming year is known as a marketing plan. A marketing plan includes a statement of the marketing situation, a discussion of target markets and company positioning and a description of the marketing mix intended for use in reaching marketing goals (entrepreneur.com, 2012). A second definition of a marketing plan is as follows: a plan that describes the activities involved in achieving certain marketing objectives within a given timeframe. A market plan starts offRead MoreStrategic Marketing Process Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic Marketing Process The purpose of this paper is to briefly explore the strategic marketing process, specifically the key phases of planning, implementation, and control. In addition, the application of mixed marketing to create a market segments as well as customer loyalty is equally explored. Several relevant scholarly sources were identified to provide research and information about the strategic marketing process and its evolutionary development from the industrial to the informationRead MoreCritical Thinking Questions : Strategic Planning1160 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking Questions: 1. Strategic planning is the process a company uses to develop and maintain a strategic fit between their goals as an organization and their capabilities of meeting demands in a fast-changing market. Strategic planning helps companies take advantage and adapt to the opportunities that it’s ever changing environment throws at them. There are four steps to strategic planning. Marketing plays a large role in the strategic planning, because the plan is finding ways to take advantageRead MoreEffective Marketing Plan for Healthcare Facilities: ABC Hospital Case Analysis717 Words   |  3 PagesControl: As an important part of strategic planning, measurement and control are critical elements in developing a marketing plan. This is primarily because the absence of a comprehensive evaluation or monitoring process in a well-written marketing plan contributes to failure. In most cases, business owners experience several difficulties in evaluating whether their marketing techniques and initiatives are working. The difficulties are even tricky when the marketing initiatives or techniques incorporateRead MorePrimary Benefit Of A Marketing Plan826 Words   |  4 PagesThe challenge created in today’s economy tasks leaders to be innovative and created so that their organizations remain current while preparing for the future needs of their customers and the organization. The strategic management planning process is an ongoing effort of evaluating all aspects of an organization’s status, values, needs, and how these factors relate to the desired future visions. Strategic planni ng provides an organized method for gathering data from both internal and external sourcesRead MoreStrategic Marketing1098 Words   |  5 Pages Strategic Marketing Lauren Hartshorn Grand Canyon University: LDR 620 October 31, 2012 Strategic Marketing A successful strategic marketing process must be thoroughly developed prior to implementation. A strategic marketing plan according to Vega Rojas (2010) is â€Å"to assign and to coordinate effectively the marketing activities and resources in order to achieve the company’s goals or strategic mission (p. 3). The strategic plan must include target goals consistent withRead MoreWhile Your Healthcare Practice Needs a Marketing Plan Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesNeeds a Marketing Plan Angela Bostick-Dixon Ashford University Strategic Planning amp; Marketing in Health Care MHA 626 Cynthia Davis November 27, 2011 Why Your Healthcare Practice Needs a Marketing Plan The business plan of any organization can only occur after a successful strategic plan is form and securely in place. The strategic plan in any corporation, organization, and small business ventures has a vision on where this organization needs to be in the future. â€Å"The strategic plan isRead MoreCompany and Marketing Strategy: Partnering to Build Customer Relationships1465 Words   |  6 Pagesable to: 1. Explain companywide strategic planning in its four steps 2. Discuss how to design business portfolios and develop growth strategies 3. Explain marketing’s role in strategic planning and how marketing works with its partners to create and deliver customer value 4. Describe the elements of a customer-driven marketing strategy and mix, and the forces that influence it 5. List the marketing management functions, including the elements of a marketing plan, and discuss the importance ofRead MoreMarketing Planning1081 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing Planning Gilligan Wilson (2009), define marketing planning as logically establishing of marketing objectives and formulating plans to achieve them. This involves an elaborate plan researched and detailed to evaluate results of past marketing decisions, create future goals, and to obtain funds to pursue new business ventures. Perspectives of marketing planning The marketing perspective is an organizations long-term view of its market position; can be spread over by short-term profitRead MoreHow Does An Organization Combine Its Mission And Vision With Its Environment Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pages1 How does an organization combine its mission and vision with its environment analyses to develop a strategic plan? For most organizations, the principal representation of their strategic dimension is their written strategic plan. The plan articulates the organization mission, vision, values, goals, and objectives and the motives behind its decisions and actions. However, written plans should be used as strategic guidelines not as a blueprint that has to be followed. Although there are many ways

The Powers Of The National Government - 1570 Words

Section 1 (a) the executive branch may veto legislation and may call special sessions of congress the legislative may override a president’s veto, may impeach the president, approves appointment s of judges and approves treaties (b) the framers intentions were to keep any branch of government from having too much power and the checks and balances make their intentions possible. 2. 1. (a) Article I section 1 declares: â€Å"all legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a congress of the united states....† thus, congress is the lawmaking branch of the national government. Article II, section 1 declares: â€Å"the executive power shall be vested in a president of the united states of America.† thus, the president is given the law-executing, law enforcing, and law-administering powers of the national government. Article III, section 1 declares: â€Å"the judicial power of the united states shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may from time to time ordain and establish,† thus, the federal court s, and most importantly the supreme court, interpret and apply the laws of the united states in cases brought before them. Remember, the framers intended to create a stronger central government for the united states. Yet they also intended to limit the powers of that government. The doc-trine of separation of powers was designed to establish just that.(b) it basically means that the law must be obeyed no matter what and no one is immune to the lawShow MoreRelatedFederalism Is The Power Divided Between The State And National Government1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthe girls’ case should be handled. This brings Federalism into question of how much federalism should being used in our country when it comes to crime. Federalism is the power divided between the state and national government. This means that laws can be made by the state for their specific state, even though there are national laws that all states have to follow. There are people who feel that there should be less federalism when it comes to crime as there is a lot of freedom when it comes to statesRead MoreThe Bill of Rights: The Best Way to Limit the Power of the National Government772 Words   |  3 Pagesthey clarify the various natural rights recognized by the Government such as the right to petition the government, the right to free speech, freedom of religion and the right to assembly. Without these guarantees being set forth in written form many of the Founding Fathers felt that the government would have the tendency to violate the rights of the people and that the Bill of Rights was the best way to limit the power of the national government. It is not by accident that five of the most basic rightsRead MoreCompare and contrast the Articles of confederation and the Constitution, especially in regard to the specific powers granted to the national government.1252 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific powers granted to the national government.The formation and ideals of the Articles of Confederation and its successor, the Unites States Constitution, varied from each other in terms of a stronger or weaker federal government in dealing with issues. The Constitution gave more power to the federal government, while the Articles of Confederation involved a very weak government with primary rights interests of the individual states as the focus. Both gave Congress legislative power and set upRead MoreThe Constitutional Basis Of Federalism1017 Words   |  5 PagesConstitutional Basis of Federalism Loyalty to state governments during the Constitutional Era was so strong that the Constitution would have been defeated Central government was facing difficulties People were too dispersed and communication and transportation was not strong enough to allow governing from one location The Division of Power The Framers defined the powers of state and national governments Although they favored stronger national government, they still made the states have an important roleRead More Power Shifts In Intergovernmental Relations: A Result Of Fiscal Feder835 Words   |  4 Pages Power Shifts in Intergovernmental Relations: A Result of Fiscal Federalism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fiscal federalism is the result of the states dependence on the national government for funds. Until 1913, the national government had minimal monetary resources, thus possessing little control over the affairs of the states. Once effected, the Sixteenth Amendment resulted in the amassing of government funds on the national level. This reserve of money enabled the national government to initiateRead MoreThe Fourteenth Amendment And The National Government Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesthat any power not granted to the National US government is given to the states. The tenth amendment deals with three different types of power. The three separate powers are delegated powers, reserved powers, and prohibited powers. Delegated powers are the powers assigned to the Federal government. An example would be the power to regulate commerce. The reserved powers are the powers that are granted to the states. An example would be to regulate education. The prohibited powers are the powers that areRead MoreIntergovernmental Relations1326 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamental part of U.S government and how it gives equal power to both national and state governments. â€Å"History indicates clearly that the principal factor in the formation of federal systems of government has been a common external threat.† The authors’ quote informs the reader tha t people have always been weary of a strong, national government and that there is always a constant struggle between the two governments to work together. Defining a government to be a federal system of government includes manyRead MoreThe New Deal and American Federalism885 Words   |  4 Pages Federalism may be described as a system of government that features a separation of powers and functions between the state and national governments. This system has been used since the very founding of the United States. The constitution defines a system of dual federalism, which ensures sovereignty of the state and national governments. This is put in place in order to limit the national government’s power. However, the Great Depression of 1929 greatly weakened the nation’s economic systems. PresidentRead MoreFederalism: Supreme Court of the United States and Power Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagesplayed a large role in our government since the time that the Constitution was ratified. It originally gave the majority of the power to the states. As time went on, the national government gained more and more power. It used the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution to validate its acts, and the Supreme Court made decisions that strengthened the national government creating a more unified United States. Finally, the recent course of federalism has been to give powers back to the states. Read More Federalism Essay example1689 Words   |  7 Pageslarge role in our government since the time that the Constitution was ratified. It originally gave the majority of the power to the states. As time went on, the national government gained more and more power. It used the quot;necessary and properquot; clause of the Constitution to validate its acts, and the Supreme Court made decisions that strengthened the national government creating a more unified United States. Finally, the recent course of federalism has been to give powers back to the states

Mediators of Change to Control Tobacco †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Medical Students as Mediators of Change to Control Tobacco Use among population. Answer: Background Tobacco is perhaps the only legally sold product that leads to death in one-half of its regular consumers. Out of the estimated 1.3 billion people who smoke, almost 650 million faces premature death as a result of it (Ali and Hay 2017). Smoking remains a major public health issue in Australia in spite of immense efforts put forward for controlling it. Every year, smoking is known to kill almost 15,000 Australians. The total social and economic costs borne by the country is $31.5 billion. As per the reports of Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) conducted in the year 2014-2015, 14.7% of the adult population in the country smoke on a daily basis. 31.4% of the population are known to be ex-smokers (health.gov.au 2017). Smoking cessation has been a priority in all parts of the country, and healthcare professionals from all levels have been involved in this matter.Research is being continually conducted to find out new methods by which patients can be motivated and encouraged to quit sm oking (Sharma et al. 2017). The valuable role and responsibility of physicians in smoking cessation efforts has been extensively documented. Well-researched literature points out that physicians have a crucial role in motivation of patients to quit smoking. Research has been taken extensively for understanding how a physician might contribute to increase the rate of smoking cessation (Stead et al. 2013). According to Keto et al. (2015) views on the effects of smoking cessation strategies have dramatically changed in the last few years. Physicians at present have a responsibility of acting as a non-smoking role model as the workplace of a physician directly as well as indirectly teaches skills for smoking cessation. Medical students to have a role in this regard, as pointed out by (Park et al. 2015). As per the authors, medical students can act as mediators of change for positive results of smoking cessation interventions. The most significant objective for a physician is to engage a patient in a direct communic ation that motivates them to quit smoking. The physician might require help from other professionals in achieving this, and who better than the medical students. With the help of medical students, physicians can make patients commit to quitting smoking after pharmacological and educational support. The hope is always there that together, they can reduce the burden of smoking in the community. Research rationale The intervention cited in this proposal would target medical students in the initial stages of counselling. The proposed intervention would provide a foundation for all medical students in stage specific counselling. This would prove to be a helping tool for physicians while they strive to motivate smokers to quit smoking. The rationale behind this research is that imparting proper education to medical students at early stages so that they develop counselling skills would reap numerous benefits. Future physicians would gain increased confidence while taking part in smoking cessation programs by taking help from medical students. The students can also help physicians who do not have adequate time for counselling patients at a community setting with a huge pool of patients. In addition, the students can act as a guiding source for patients who suffer health complications due to smoking, or for patients who are at high risk for developing a smoking habit. Research question The proposed research would address the following research question- What is the role of medical students as mediators of change for controlling tobacco use among the countrys population? Aims and hypothesis In conducting the proposed study, the objective is to accomplish the following set of specific aims- Aim 1- To carry out a comparison of the effectiveness of the stage specific smoking cessation counselling intervention and control intervention by the evaluation of the impact on the following patient outcomes at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months: a. Stage of change b. Quit rate c. Confidence in quitting d. Desire to quit e. Motivation to quit f. Nicotine independence. Aim 2- To carry out a comparison of the stage specific smoking cessation counselling intervention and control intervention by the evaluation of the impact on the following care processes rated by patients at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months: a. Satisfaction with the care provided to patients in relation to smoking cessation counselling b. Satisfaction with the care provided to patients in general. Hypothesis 1- Patients undergoing counselling by medical students have received training in stage specific smoking cessation counselling would exhibit higher quit rates, have improvement in their stage of change, have increased desire to quit smoking, have more confidence and motivation to quit smoking. They would also be less dependent on nicotine at 12 months. Hypothesis 2- Patients undergoing counselling by medical students having received training in smoking-specific behavioural counselling would exhibit greater satisfaction with both care quality measures at 12 months. Research methodology Study design For research to be successful and give rise to suitable inferences, it is imperative to select a suitable research methodology. The research design plays an important role deciding whether the research would hold credibility or not. The proposed research would be a randomised cross-over trial. This would be done with two smoking cessation counselling interventions. The first counselling intervention would include written materials, patient education and follow-up by students who had been given training in stage specific tobacco cessation methods. The second counselling intervention would include written materials, patient education and follow-up by students who had been given training in non-smoking cessation techniques (exercise techniques). According to Flick (2015) randomised, controlled crossover experiments are very much significant in health care. This is because, in such a study, the impact of confounding covariates is reduced. Setting The proposed research would be set at community practice sites in internal medicine and family medicine throughout the city of Armidale, Australia, where medical students attend weekly continuity sessions with physician preceptors. Participants The participants of the research would be first-year medical students. 100 such students would be considered for the study. 350 patients of age between 16 years and 30 years would be included in the study after screening them for whether they are visiting the students physician preceptor for matters related to smoking or not. They must meet the criteria of smoking one or more cigarettes daily in the past one week. Sampling method Students would be selected through random sampling by the day they attend their medicine course and get training for the two counselling processes. The second counselling technique would be taught to the students six months after the first counselling technique is taught. Random sampling would be justified for the research as it is easier to do such a sampling, and also there would a fair chance of all possible participants to get equal opportunities of being selected for the research (Panneerselvam 2014). Main outcome measures The main outcome measures for the proposed study would be the stage of change, quit rate, motivation to quit, the desire to quit, confidence to quit and nicotine dependency after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Process measures The process measures for the proposed study would be patient satisfaction with the care quality provided in relation to smoking cessation and satisfaction with care quality provided in general. Data collection tool Data collection tool must always be aligned with the research objectives. A close-ended questionnaire would be used for the data collection purpose. The questionnaire would encompass questions related to the main outcome measures and the process measures. The questionnaire would be handed over to the patients, and they would be given one week time for completing it. During this period they would be free to contact the researchers regarding any concerns they might face. The researchers would guide them to complete the questionnaire so as to extract the maximal information from them. With a close-ended Questionaire a number of advantages would be gained. These include the quick response of the participants, easy comparison of answers, easy statistical analysis and complete data extraction. Since smoking cessation is a sensitive topic, it is likely that respondents would be comfortable in answering close-ended questions. Less literate participants would not be at a disadvantage (Niaura 2017). Analysis Patient level analysis of the process measures and main outcome measures would be done for understanding the possible confounding factors. Logistic regression for dichotomous outcomes and linear regression would be used for continuous outcomes. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) and random effects modelling would allow the researchers to adjust for time-dependent covariates (Neuman 2016). Ethics Primary research needs to abide by ethical principles concerning human participants. For the proposed research, informed consent of the participants would be taken for taking part in the research. The medical students and the patients would be explained in details all the aims and objectives of the research. They would be ensured that their identities would not be revealed at any level and confidentiality of their personal information would be maintained. They would have the freedom to exit the data collection process whenever they feel like doing so (Flick 2015). Timeline Activity Month 1 2 3-4 5 6-9 10-12 13-14 Sampling of participants Training provided to patients Assessment of student behavioural counselling skills Recruitment of patients Counselling patients by phone Counselling patients in-person Data collection Data analysis Report preparation Dissemination of findings References Ali, R. and Hay, S., 2017. Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 19902015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Health.gov.au. (2017). Department of Health | Tobacco Control key facts and figures. [online] Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/tobacco-kff [Accessed 26 Jul. 2017]. Keto, J., Jokelainen, J., Timonen, M., Linden, K. and Ylisaukko-oja, T., 2015. Physicians discuss the risks of smoking with their patients, but seldom offer practical cessation support. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 10(1), p.43. Neuman, W.L., 2016. Understanding research. Pearson. Niaura, R., 2017. Learning from our failures in smoking cessation research. Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Park, E.R., Gareen, I.F., Japuntich, S., Lennes, I., Hyland, K., DeMello, S., Sicks, J.D. and Rigotti, N.A., 2015. Primary care provider-delivered smoking cessation interventions and smoking cessation among participants in the National Lung Screening Trial. JAMA internal medicine, 175(9), pp.1509-1516. Sharma, R., Meurk, C., Bell, S., Ford, P. and Gartner, C., 2017. Australian mental health care practitioners practices and attitudes for encouraging smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction in smokers with severe mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. Stead, L.F., Buitrago, D., Preciado, N., Sanchez, G., Hartmann?Boyce, J. and Lancaster, T., 2013. Physician advice for smoking cessation. The Cochrane Library.

Research Reflection Report- Free Solution At MyAssignment Help

Question: Describe about a Report for Research Reflection. Answer: Research Methods and Processes Pret A Manger Restaurant was suffering from serious issues related with the degradation of the customer service, low level of quality, communication gap with the patent shops for delivering the products to the twin shops, degradation in the operational model, which was followed by the introduction of twin shops. As all these issues were serious in nature, thus it was necessary to identify effective solutions to improve the company's brand image and reputation in the market. For handling these issues, I thought of opting for varied strategies for effectiveness. Readers: The research methods used to analyse this case were exploratory in nature and were based on secondary data. The reliability and the authenticity of the data are high as it has been collected from the companys official websites only. The problem is not limited to any specific issue. It studies the problem from various perspectives to have a proper solution. To have comprehensive analysis of the case, the study has been divided into four main domains: International Business Strategic Management Marketing Management Organizational Behaviour To study these aspects, various business models have been used. The reason for choosing business models for analysis purpose is to analyse companys current position and strategy and to identify various possible opportunities. Through such tools it would easy to analyse the competitive position of the company. By analysing companys position, it would be easy to identify the problematic areas and thus necessary remedial actions can be taken to solve those issues. To analyse companys international position, Blue Ocean Strategy and Ansoff Matrix have been used. These tools will help to identify various strategies through which the company can penetrate in international markets and diversify its business. Through SWOT analysis and Balance scorecard, I can identify the companys strengths and weaknesses so that the company can work on those issues. These tools will also help to identify the possible opportunities as well possible threats. These tools are excellent way of analysing companys current positions and areas of improvements. For solving issues related to marketing of the products and services, Benchmarking and 4Ps of marketing mix model tools have been used. These tools will help in analysing the impact of companys marketing strategies on its customers. To understand issues related to organizational behaviour, six thinking hats, McKinseys 7S model have been used. For Employers: The case has various issues to analyse. Since the company wanted to expand its business globally so they opened twin shops with small sizes but unfortunately that idea could not turned up into a profitable one. To understand the underlying problems and providing fruitful solutions, it was necessary to analyse the case from all perspectives. Various business models have been used to understand the problems in a better way. These models helped us to identify and amylase the current market position of the company. These are great tools to compare the company with its competitors, analysing effectives of the strategies adopted by the company, identify various options available for the company to grow its business, identify the flaws and bottleneck in the operational activities if any, identify communication gap between the twin shop and parent shops if any. These tools are also helpful in suggesting the company that how it can penetrate the market with maximum customer sat isfaction. The models used in the study will also evaluate the promotional and advertising strategies and its alignment with the companys vision and mission. Literature and Sources For making the research, study effective, secondary data has been used for understanding the concept clearly. I have used various summaries and data published on internet. The varied methods, which I have chosen for the collection data include, archives, server based data, and documentaries, which have been posted by business analysts. Varied financial data has been collected from the website of the company and therefore its reliability and reasonability is high. For justifying the issues faced by the company in the current time because of expansion and the remedies for the same, I have gone through varied journals; articles, web sources for understanding the concept of SWOT analysis, Ansoff matrix, Blue ocean strategy, Mc Kinsey model and organizational strategies. Approximately 32 effective references were used for developing an action plan for the company. All these sources were the main foundation of the action plan, which was effective for the company to implement for fighting t he issues related with the brand image, quality and customer services. Theories used in the research study: SWOT Analysis theory Ansoff Matrix Blue Ocean Strategy Mc Kinsey Strategy Porters Five Force Model Vendor Management inventory Balanced Score Card Theory Marketing Management Marketing Ps Sources Used in This Research Study Journal Articles Books Web Content Online published material Strategies and the reasons for the selection of the strategies and processes have been discussed below: SWOT Analysis: This strategy was selected as it helps in identifying the weaknesses and threats of the company so that these can be covered with the help of strengths and opportunities. By doing this analysis, company will be able to assess the scope of the knowledge for the business. Ansoff Matrix: This process matrix was used for helping the company in assessing the varied types of market penetration strategies and opportunities for the development of the product in the existing market. Balanced scorecard: This strategy was chosen to help the company in implementing the operational mode. The sources are important as they helped in: Determining the simultaneous pursuit of the high differentiation in the product and low cost factor for making competition Sources helped in understanding the strategies for diversification and identifying simple ways for thinking regarding the risks of growth. They helped in determining the strengths and weaknesses of company for making the company avail of new opportunities in the market. All the sources were helpful in brainstorming new opportunities for the company Information regarding the competent rivals, substitution effects, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and competition in between entrants in industry, have been shared in this study because of the sources and theories. Varied theories helped in understanding the perspectives of business Sources helped us in making rapport with the audience so that they can trust that I have done our homework. It also helped in avoiding the incidental plagiarism also. As I have a literature review, I was able to avoid the mishaps of incidental plagiarism on the onset of research study. With the help of assembling outside resources, I was able to condense, evaluate, and synthesize the gist of the outside sources in our own words. All the sources helped me in comparing and contrasting what I am doing in the historical context of the research as well as how the research is unique from what others have done. All the references and theories helped in rationalising why I thought of doing this research study. The main idea was to understand the implications in the business model through the twin shops. Your Knowledge This research study helped us in analysing the importance of customer service, quality maintenance and communication management. With the help of the strategies and theories I was able to identify that the company is suffering from serious issues of customer service, quality maintenance and communication management. I have gained knowledge of varied appropriate frameworks for evaluating and developing the effective organizational responses towards diversity. Formulation of an integrative business project through the application of the multidisciplinary learning was also learned. All the strategies and theories undertaken helped us in analysing what are the major weaknesses faced by the company because of which they are not able to capture the opportunities prevailing in the market. By undergoing this research analysis, I was able to analyse the scope of the knowledge of the business. I was able to analyse the varied penetration strategies in the market and was able to plan an action plan for the development of the product in the existing market. With the help of the literature review, I was able to determine the exact issues faced by the company. Some of the major learning from this research study was: Because of the change in the initial commitment made by the company for delivering the fresh food, company was unable to differentiate its services from the competitors, which lead to serious issues for developing the strategies for marketing and long-term implications of the decision making for twin shops. I analysed that company should take any decision related to any kind of change implementation with the consent of stakeholders, which should include customers also. In this case Study Company did not think about the customers and because of that they lacked in satisfying their demands. On the other side the mangers of the company did not communicate well about the changes in the system and because of that confusion was there in the company. Employees were not aware about what seniors are thinking about them, customers were not getting what they were communicated about and many other similar issues. Because of the twin shop concept, company was facing varied issues which affected the just-in-time production also. Another problem which company faced was related with the management of the shops, as the company identified it difficult for finding the suitable location, which will have prime street visibility and the needed kitchen space. I was able to analyse that in many cases the customers were asked to wait in queues for more than 4 minutes, which was against the policy of the company. All this happened because of lack of communication, company people lacked in implementing serious communication standards in the company and because of which they mainly failed in serving the customers in effective manner. Customers are treated as god by the retail companies as they are the main source of earning for them, but in this case study, demands and importance related with the customers were neglected and because of that company faced serious issues of down fall in profits. Your Learning MBA: From the MBA course, I was able to understand the concepts related to the management of the business. For instance, I was able to understand what business is all about and how it should be handled for better results. The MBA course helped us to develop innovative thinking in decision-making process and effective problem solving skills. It also helped in generating skills for generating novel and value creation products, processes and organizational forms. Theories related with business management, organizational behaviour, communication management, marketing management, entrepreneurial development, global business management, team participation and many other concepts, helps in practical implementation of the theories. Following through Research: The research study helped us to develop logical construct and relevant arguments and information. It also helped us in analysing specific situation and reaching to the logical and fruitful solutions. I was able to analyse the situation from varied aspects. I practically assessed the environment and opportunities for aligning the business activities and thereby developing and implementing the strategic change in complex and uncertain conditions. I demonstrated the ability of managing circumstances where the business practices and social conventions were different. I merely identified the impacts of the decisions and their actions on stakeholders including the interpersonal, societal and organizational considerations. I applied varied appropriate frameworks for evaluating and developing the effective organizational responses towards diversity. I formulated an integrative business project through the application of the multidisciplinary learning. Applying Your Knowledge and What you have learnt from Major Project: This major project helped us in learning how to analyse and apply strategic information for facilitating strategic decision making and employing decision models for selecting appropriate projects for business and managing the growth through the strategies like issues in international expansion. Through this research study, I got the learning of implying theoretical concepts in to practice. This research study also helped in making us learn analytical skills with the help of implying varied business model. The reason why I implemented the business models was to analyse the current positioning of the company and strategy for identifying varied possible opportunities. Through varied tools, I was able to analyse the competitive positioning of the company. Management tools learnt in MBA course helped in identifying the problematic areas and there remedial actions also. Many of the strategies learnt in the business manage ment were applied in determining the strategies for the company in future time. Some of these strategies are Blue Ocean Strategy and Ansoff Matrix. I determined simultaneous pursuit in the product differentiation and the low cost factors, for making competition high. The study helped us in understanding the strategies for diversification and determining the varied ways for thinking in respect of the growth and the risks associated with the company. The strategies allowed me to analyze the strengths and weakness of the company for making the company avail of varied opportunities in the market. Learning regarding the rivals, effects of substitutions, bargaining powers of the buyers and suppliers and competition factors were gained with the help of the theories I studied in MBA. These studies also helped in understanding the perspectives of business and making rapport with the audience so that they can trust that I have done an effective and efficient research study. Critical Thinking and your Ideas While carrying out the research study and analysis, I was able to see that the company is lacking in management of operational activities. Nearly every theory undertaken in the research study especially the SWOT analysis, helped in determining the weaknesses and threats prevailing in the market. Through this theory, I was able to identify that companys communication flow is ineffective and the managers of the company are not playing effective role in communication management. The main discovery from this research study was that if any company wishes to gain success and popularity in market, then the first thing they should focus on, should be communication and even the last thing should also be communication. Having high expectation for the growth of the company is not wrong, if the point of view of owner has to be concerned about, but still just by thinking of growth and neglecting the customer and the promises made to them will only lead to disaster. I was able to lean that it is c ommunication, which helps the managers of company to perform their jobs and responsibilities in effective manner. Communication mainly serves as the medium for planning. All necessary informations should have been communicated to the mangers who in turn should have communicated the plans to implement them further. Organization also needs effective communication with other stakeholders, for completing the job tasks effectively. Similarly, leaders as managers should communicate with the subordinates to acquire the team goals. Communication plays an important role in the success of any workplace programme. The new learning from the research study helps organization in selecting and tailoring their programs and policies for meeting the new heights and growths. Managers are required to devote great part of their time in communication. This particular research study reveals the importance of strategy in the light of Mc Kinsey strategy. Strategic planning has been under the assault for pas t many years. However, good strategy is more important than ever. Learning from the research study influences the management concepts in some way or the other. Barrier met Undertaking Research: There are certain limitations, which I came across while conducting the research study Choosing the research topic is the foundation step on which everything else rests, so it was difficult to identify a research topic, which can gather focus. After considering a lot of topics for conducting this research, I managed hard to come down to this research topic. It was a tough job to make sure that the resource I am using and initial study idea I am working on, does not replicate another study, as it would be too much resource intensive. As the research study is focused towards a specific company, therefore there is a possibility that this will limit the liberalization of the results of the research. Identifying a theoretical context for offering base to the research study was also a difficult task. The key was to have an overreaching theoretical context for the results. However, after a lot of hard when I found the theories that fitted well in the research study like a glove, I got very excited. Another limitation was related with the time constraint. The research study was adjusted with the schedule of the working time of company and availability of data in order to have effective results. The major limitation was availability and accessibility of the data required for carrying out the analysis. Access to the managers of the company was difficult because of the nature of their jobs. There were some people working in the company, who did not offer to share any kind of information as they considered it of competitive importance. Limitation with time made it quite impractical to include more theories and sources in their research study. Completing Major Project: The main objective of the research study cannot be generalized, as it is restricted within the organization discussed in this research study. This research study is only helpful for the integration of the management concepts related the company discussed in this research and for the companies having similar issues. Additionally, the theories and the concepts used in the major project are not unique instead they are generalised methods and that can make readers bored of reading the theories again. Professional development Managing serious situations gives an exposure to understand what problems affects business and in which manner I have to play my role in managing the issues. This case analysis was a good example for us to understand the management concepts and applying the same for better understanding. I was able to understand the underlying issues and offering fruitful solutions for the same. It helped us being exposed to serious issues faced by the company and thereby enhancing a professional development by brainstorming the solutions. Varied business models have been utilised in the research study which helped in making us analyse the process in which problems related with the management can be better or understood. Some great tools were used for comparing the company with the competitors for better understanding the competitors strategy and the areas where the company was lacking. These tools were professional tools and it helped us in building a confident action plan for supporting the company that how it can penetrate the market with maximum amount of customer satisfaction This research study made us understand the promotional and advertising strategies that can be useful for companies which are facing similar issues. This kind of knowledge enhanced the professional learning and knowledge of ours and in future, in case if I will think of moving ahead in any good company then I will be able to imply these learning in a better way if required. Professionally I have become confident enough regarding the usage of a ll kinds of theories and models used in this research study. This research work enhanced my learning skills, brainstorming skills, report-writing skills and above all management skills. The findings of the research study clearly shows that I have gained an understanding of the programme and the subject areas, as the findings are based on many theories and models of business, which I have studied in our management course. The most satisfying fact was, that I was able to apply all what I have learned in the classroom in practical way by developing an action plan for the company. Learning from this research study helped us in influencing the management concepts in some way or the other. Some of the skills which were enhanced during this research study were: Management Skills: As I was able to prioritize, delegate the work effectively. I was able to communicate the research objectives in a professional manner Communication Skills: I was able to get the point across, developing a compelling presentation for supporting the goals and getting ideas for achieving the better results and demonstrating emotional intelligence. Project Management Skills: I was able to grasp the scope and the objectives of the projects and were able to identify the roles and responsibilities of others for using the tools to stay on the track and becoming an efficient and effective member of the cross functional teams. Critical Thinking: Through brainstorming, I was able to identify effective research theories and models of business for implementing the same in the research study for effective results. Objectives The objective of the research study was fully achieved as I successfully drafted an action plan based on the issues faced by the company. The major aim and objective of the research study was highlighting the issues faced by the Pret A manager related with the twin shops. The secondary aim was to highlight how the company changes the business model, which will ensure an annual growth of 15% for the company. The objective was achieved by evaluating the varied types of challenges in both retaining and abandoning the ideology of twin shops. With the help of the strategic models, which I studied in my management course, I was able to imply the same on the company for its operational benefits. With the application of the operational models, company will be able to reduce the risks and will be able to make safe environment for investment. For achieving the objectives, I took support of secondary data and for increasing the success chances of objective achievement, I maintained the reliabil ity and authenticity of the data by taking the data from the official website of company. For effectiveness, the case was analysed from varied perspectives, which I learnt from my management courses. The study material which helped in gaining the objectives of the research study was related with: International Business Strategic Management Marketing Management Organizational Behaviour The reason for choosing various business models was to analyse the current position of the company and to set the standards for achievements and for acquiring new opportunities. Findings and Outcomes The outcomes of the research study were helpful in identifying strategies adopted by the company of twin shops. Findings show that the decision of importing the quality goods from UK adhered to the constraint of quality but at the same time, it proved expensive in bringing more amounts of revenues. For example, with the help of research study, I was able to learn that the company requires following the safe strategies of investment in the blue ocean but because of the factors relating with the quality aspect and satisfaction, company needs to focus more on red ocean strategy. I realised that the company need to offer appropriate training to the staff members for handling the business across the globe. I merely learnt that whenever a company decides to take any decision in respect of expansion of company, at first it should provide and defy the strategic positioning of the location of the store, which will actually ensure the minimum travel time from the store to the parent shop. The recommendation, findings and analysis helped us in learning how manager should set the priorities and delegate the same for effective growth and management of company. The findings helps in farming an action plan about how a company can enter the Australian market and Asia Pacific market for looking ahead the stores which inbuilt the centralized kitchen From the point of view of employers, this case study has varied issues to analyse. Since the company wished to expand its operations globally so they established twin shops with small sizes but unfortunately the findings shows that strategy was not a profitable one. For understanding the issues and offering fruitful solutions, it was necessary for analysing the case from all the perspectives. Varied business models have been utilised for understanding the issues in an effective manner. The findings show that the model helps us in identifying and analysing the current market positions of the company.