Modern European history (18th century till today) Essay

Modern European history (18th century till today) - Essay Example The gradual evolution of early modern Europe gets discussed by making reference to the scientific revolution, the French revolution, and the industrial revolution. Focus shall get placed on the effects of these revolutions from the 18th century to present day influence on the history of modern Europe. The French revolution left an indelible mark on both the French and European history. The revolution took place in the 18th century and represented a period characterized by political and social upheaval in France (Barber 30). The revolution gets attributed to the enlightenment period in Europe, which advocated for the ideals of science and reason over those of faith and religion. The revolution led to the collapse of the absolute monarchy, which had governed France for centuries. The revolution brought up the principles of equality, liberty, and fraternity to the French society. These principles replaced those of aristocracy, feudalism, and religious privileges’ that got marked by the absolute monarchy rule. ... The revolution also led to the rise of the human rights concept through the declaration of the rights of man and its citizens (Mason 132). The revolution marked the end of both the middle ages and abolishment of feudalism. The scientific revolution also marks the modern Europe history. The scientific revolution in Europe in the 18th century built on the ideas of the previous century as they got implemented on large scale. The revolution marked a cultural revolution that led to the understanding of the physical world better. Developments in medicine, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and physics changed the views of society and nature in Europe (Lisa 164). Developments in these fields influence the thoughts on how the universe worked at the time. Inventions in these fields defined the history of modern Europe. The scientific revolution began after the end of the renaissance period and greatly influenced the enlightenment period. This revolution was vital in cementing a foundation for m odern science. Science became a vital part of the public domain. The 18th century saw widespread interest in science through increased circulation of academic writings. The scientific revolution brought along the ideals of experimentation and observation in the verification of phenomena. These ideals led to the development of instruments of measurement. An increase in experimentation and observation led to an increase in skepticism about past authority figures and religion across Europe. The scientific revolution marked the birth of the printing press, a rise of a literate middle class in urban centers, and the development of vernacular languages (Hayes 125). The growth of a literate population during the scientific revolution

Why do we look after children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Why do we look after children - Essay Example Through their research they have show that humans, like primates, share many similar patterns and evolutionary traits with respect to parenting as a means to increase survival. Are we really that different? See Figures 2 and 3 in the appendix at the rear of the paper. Geary and Flinn (2001) assert that â€Å"at a social and behavioural level these characteristics function to allow individuals to gain access to and control of the associated resources, such as food, mates, and territory† (pp. 6-7). The main impetus that holds us from achieving this is largely dependent upon the behaviours exhibited by others of the same species. This complex nature which we call social behaviour is nothing more than the evolutionary process we, as humans, have undergone as a means to achieve this. The only difference is the complexity of the social competencies that a species possesses. As an example, both gorillas and chimpanzees social competencies have evolved so that a great portion of their sustainability lies in their ability to protect their young from other males within their respective species Regardless of the complexity of social competences, humans, as with primates, share one common goal and strategy. â€Å"The ultimate function of parental behaviour is, however, the same: to provide a social context that enables the acquisition of sociocompetitive competencies† (Geary and Flinn, 2001, p. 7). As we have evolved we have adapted to this by means of developing social groupings and ties that assist us in ensuring survival through a cooperative effort to gain the needed resources to assure our sustainability. Figure 4 in the appendices displays what Geary and Flinn demonstrate as the unique characteristics of man as we have evolved. In the following pages we will examine the question ‘why we look after children?’ through examination of the various factors, both psychologically and biologically, that have enabled us to survive as a species, perpetuate our