The Powers Of The National Government - 1570 Words

Section 1 (a) the executive branch may veto legislation and may call special sessions of congress the legislative may override a president’s veto, may impeach the president, approves appointment s of judges and approves treaties (b) the framers intentions were to keep any branch of government from having too much power and the checks and balances make their intentions possible. 2. 1. (a) Article I section 1 declares: â€Å"all legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a congress of the united states....† thus, congress is the lawmaking branch of the national government. Article II, section 1 declares: â€Å"the executive power shall be vested in a president of the united states of America.† thus, the president is given the law-executing, law enforcing, and law-administering powers of the national government. Article III, section 1 declares: â€Å"the judicial power of the united states shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may from time to time ordain and establish,† thus, the federal court s, and most importantly the supreme court, interpret and apply the laws of the united states in cases brought before them. Remember, the framers intended to create a stronger central government for the united states. Yet they also intended to limit the powers of that government. The doc-trine of separation of powers was designed to establish just that.(b) it basically means that the law must be obeyed no matter what and no one is immune to the lawShow MoreRelatedFederalism Is The Power Divided Between The State And National Government1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthe girls’ case should be handled. This brings Federalism into question of how much federalism should being used in our country when it comes to crime. Federalism is the power divided between the state and national government. This means that laws can be made by the state for their specific state, even though there are national laws that all states have to follow. There are people who feel that there should be less federalism when it comes to crime as there is a lot of freedom when it comes to statesRead MoreThe Bill of Rights: The Best Way to Limit the Power of the National Government772 Words   |  3 Pagesthey clarify the various natural rights recognized by the Government such as the right to petition the government, the right to free speech, freedom of religion and the right to assembly. Without these guarantees being set forth in written form many of the Founding Fathers felt that the government would have the tendency to violate the rights of the people and that the Bill of Rights was the best way to limit the power of the national government. It is not by accident that five of the most basic rightsRead MoreCompare and contrast the Articles of confederation and the Constitution, especially in regard to the specific powers granted to the national government.1252 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific powers granted to the national government.The formation and ideals of the Articles of Confederation and its successor, the Unites States Constitution, varied from each other in terms of a stronger or weaker federal government in dealing with issues. The Constitution gave more power to the federal government, while the Articles of Confederation involved a very weak government with primary rights interests of the individual states as the focus. Both gave Congress legislative power and set upRead MoreThe Constitutional Basis Of Federalism1017 Words   |  5 PagesConstitutional Basis of Federalism Loyalty to state governments during the Constitutional Era was so strong that the Constitution would have been defeated Central government was facing difficulties People were too dispersed and communication and transportation was not strong enough to allow governing from one location The Division of Power The Framers defined the powers of state and national governments Although they favored stronger national government, they still made the states have an important roleRead More Power Shifts In Intergovernmental Relations: A Result Of Fiscal Feder835 Words   |  4 Pages Power Shifts in Intergovernmental Relations: A Result of Fiscal Federalism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fiscal federalism is the result of the states dependence on the national government for funds. Until 1913, the national government had minimal monetary resources, thus possessing little control over the affairs of the states. Once effected, the Sixteenth Amendment resulted in the amassing of government funds on the national level. This reserve of money enabled the national government to initiateRead MoreThe Fourteenth Amendment And The National Government Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesthat any power not granted to the National US government is given to the states. The tenth amendment deals with three different types of power. The three separate powers are delegated powers, reserved powers, and prohibited powers. Delegated powers are the powers assigned to the Federal government. An example would be the power to regulate commerce. The reserved powers are the powers that are granted to the states. An example would be to regulate education. The prohibited powers are the powers that areRead MoreIntergovernmental Relations1326 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamental part of U.S government and how it gives equal power to both national and state governments. â€Å"History indicates clearly that the principal factor in the formation of federal systems of government has been a common external threat.† The authors’ quote informs the reader tha t people have always been weary of a strong, national government and that there is always a constant struggle between the two governments to work together. Defining a government to be a federal system of government includes manyRead MoreThe New Deal and American Federalism885 Words   |  4 Pages Federalism may be described as a system of government that features a separation of powers and functions between the state and national governments. This system has been used since the very founding of the United States. The constitution defines a system of dual federalism, which ensures sovereignty of the state and national governments. This is put in place in order to limit the national government’s power. However, the Great Depression of 1929 greatly weakened the nation’s economic systems. PresidentRead MoreFederalism: Supreme Court of the United States and Power Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagesplayed a large role in our government since the time that the Constitution was ratified. It originally gave the majority of the power to the states. As time went on, the national government gained more and more power. It used the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution to validate its acts, and the Supreme Court made decisions that strengthened the national government creating a more unified United States. Finally, the recent course of federalism has been to give powers back to the states. Read More Federalism Essay example1689 Words   |  7 Pageslarge role in our government since the time that the Constitution was ratified. It originally gave the majority of the power to the states. As time went on, the national government gained more and more power. It used the quot;necessary and properquot; clause of the Constitution to validate its acts, and the Supreme Court made decisions that strengthened the national government creating a more unified United States. Finally, the recent course of federalism has been to give powers back to the states

Mediators of Change to Control Tobacco †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Medical Students as Mediators of Change to Control Tobacco Use among population. Answer: Background Tobacco is perhaps the only legally sold product that leads to death in one-half of its regular consumers. Out of the estimated 1.3 billion people who smoke, almost 650 million faces premature death as a result of it (Ali and Hay 2017). Smoking remains a major public health issue in Australia in spite of immense efforts put forward for controlling it. Every year, smoking is known to kill almost 15,000 Australians. The total social and economic costs borne by the country is $31.5 billion. As per the reports of Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) conducted in the year 2014-2015, 14.7% of the adult population in the country smoke on a daily basis. 31.4% of the population are known to be ex-smokers (health.gov.au 2017). Smoking cessation has been a priority in all parts of the country, and healthcare professionals from all levels have been involved in this matter.Research is being continually conducted to find out new methods by which patients can be motivated and encouraged to quit sm oking (Sharma et al. 2017). The valuable role and responsibility of physicians in smoking cessation efforts has been extensively documented. Well-researched literature points out that physicians have a crucial role in motivation of patients to quit smoking. Research has been taken extensively for understanding how a physician might contribute to increase the rate of smoking cessation (Stead et al. 2013). According to Keto et al. (2015) views on the effects of smoking cessation strategies have dramatically changed in the last few years. Physicians at present have a responsibility of acting as a non-smoking role model as the workplace of a physician directly as well as indirectly teaches skills for smoking cessation. Medical students to have a role in this regard, as pointed out by (Park et al. 2015). As per the authors, medical students can act as mediators of change for positive results of smoking cessation interventions. The most significant objective for a physician is to engage a patient in a direct communic ation that motivates them to quit smoking. The physician might require help from other professionals in achieving this, and who better than the medical students. With the help of medical students, physicians can make patients commit to quitting smoking after pharmacological and educational support. The hope is always there that together, they can reduce the burden of smoking in the community. Research rationale The intervention cited in this proposal would target medical students in the initial stages of counselling. The proposed intervention would provide a foundation for all medical students in stage specific counselling. This would prove to be a helping tool for physicians while they strive to motivate smokers to quit smoking. The rationale behind this research is that imparting proper education to medical students at early stages so that they develop counselling skills would reap numerous benefits. Future physicians would gain increased confidence while taking part in smoking cessation programs by taking help from medical students. The students can also help physicians who do not have adequate time for counselling patients at a community setting with a huge pool of patients. In addition, the students can act as a guiding source for patients who suffer health complications due to smoking, or for patients who are at high risk for developing a smoking habit. Research question The proposed research would address the following research question- What is the role of medical students as mediators of change for controlling tobacco use among the countrys population? Aims and hypothesis In conducting the proposed study, the objective is to accomplish the following set of specific aims- Aim 1- To carry out a comparison of the effectiveness of the stage specific smoking cessation counselling intervention and control intervention by the evaluation of the impact on the following patient outcomes at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months: a. Stage of change b. Quit rate c. Confidence in quitting d. Desire to quit e. Motivation to quit f. Nicotine independence. Aim 2- To carry out a comparison of the stage specific smoking cessation counselling intervention and control intervention by the evaluation of the impact on the following care processes rated by patients at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months: a. Satisfaction with the care provided to patients in relation to smoking cessation counselling b. Satisfaction with the care provided to patients in general. Hypothesis 1- Patients undergoing counselling by medical students have received training in stage specific smoking cessation counselling would exhibit higher quit rates, have improvement in their stage of change, have increased desire to quit smoking, have more confidence and motivation to quit smoking. They would also be less dependent on nicotine at 12 months. Hypothesis 2- Patients undergoing counselling by medical students having received training in smoking-specific behavioural counselling would exhibit greater satisfaction with both care quality measures at 12 months. Research methodology Study design For research to be successful and give rise to suitable inferences, it is imperative to select a suitable research methodology. The research design plays an important role deciding whether the research would hold credibility or not. The proposed research would be a randomised cross-over trial. This would be done with two smoking cessation counselling interventions. The first counselling intervention would include written materials, patient education and follow-up by students who had been given training in stage specific tobacco cessation methods. The second counselling intervention would include written materials, patient education and follow-up by students who had been given training in non-smoking cessation techniques (exercise techniques). According to Flick (2015) randomised, controlled crossover experiments are very much significant in health care. This is because, in such a study, the impact of confounding covariates is reduced. Setting The proposed research would be set at community practice sites in internal medicine and family medicine throughout the city of Armidale, Australia, where medical students attend weekly continuity sessions with physician preceptors. Participants The participants of the research would be first-year medical students. 100 such students would be considered for the study. 350 patients of age between 16 years and 30 years would be included in the study after screening them for whether they are visiting the students physician preceptor for matters related to smoking or not. They must meet the criteria of smoking one or more cigarettes daily in the past one week. Sampling method Students would be selected through random sampling by the day they attend their medicine course and get training for the two counselling processes. The second counselling technique would be taught to the students six months after the first counselling technique is taught. Random sampling would be justified for the research as it is easier to do such a sampling, and also there would a fair chance of all possible participants to get equal opportunities of being selected for the research (Panneerselvam 2014). Main outcome measures The main outcome measures for the proposed study would be the stage of change, quit rate, motivation to quit, the desire to quit, confidence to quit and nicotine dependency after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Process measures The process measures for the proposed study would be patient satisfaction with the care quality provided in relation to smoking cessation and satisfaction with care quality provided in general. Data collection tool Data collection tool must always be aligned with the research objectives. A close-ended questionnaire would be used for the data collection purpose. The questionnaire would encompass questions related to the main outcome measures and the process measures. The questionnaire would be handed over to the patients, and they would be given one week time for completing it. During this period they would be free to contact the researchers regarding any concerns they might face. The researchers would guide them to complete the questionnaire so as to extract the maximal information from them. With a close-ended Questionaire a number of advantages would be gained. These include the quick response of the participants, easy comparison of answers, easy statistical analysis and complete data extraction. Since smoking cessation is a sensitive topic, it is likely that respondents would be comfortable in answering close-ended questions. Less literate participants would not be at a disadvantage (Niaura 2017). Analysis Patient level analysis of the process measures and main outcome measures would be done for understanding the possible confounding factors. Logistic regression for dichotomous outcomes and linear regression would be used for continuous outcomes. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) and random effects modelling would allow the researchers to adjust for time-dependent covariates (Neuman 2016). Ethics Primary research needs to abide by ethical principles concerning human participants. For the proposed research, informed consent of the participants would be taken for taking part in the research. The medical students and the patients would be explained in details all the aims and objectives of the research. They would be ensured that their identities would not be revealed at any level and confidentiality of their personal information would be maintained. They would have the freedom to exit the data collection process whenever they feel like doing so (Flick 2015). Timeline Activity Month 1 2 3-4 5 6-9 10-12 13-14 Sampling of participants Training provided to patients Assessment of student behavioural counselling skills Recruitment of patients Counselling patients by phone Counselling patients in-person Data collection Data analysis Report preparation Dissemination of findings References Ali, R. and Hay, S., 2017. Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 19902015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Health.gov.au. (2017). Department of Health | Tobacco Control key facts and figures. [online] Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/tobacco-kff [Accessed 26 Jul. 2017]. Keto, J., Jokelainen, J., Timonen, M., Linden, K. and Ylisaukko-oja, T., 2015. Physicians discuss the risks of smoking with their patients, but seldom offer practical cessation support. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 10(1), p.43. Neuman, W.L., 2016. Understanding research. Pearson. Niaura, R., 2017. Learning from our failures in smoking cessation research. Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Park, E.R., Gareen, I.F., Japuntich, S., Lennes, I., Hyland, K., DeMello, S., Sicks, J.D. and Rigotti, N.A., 2015. Primary care provider-delivered smoking cessation interventions and smoking cessation among participants in the National Lung Screening Trial. JAMA internal medicine, 175(9), pp.1509-1516. Sharma, R., Meurk, C., Bell, S., Ford, P. and Gartner, C., 2017. Australian mental health care practitioners practices and attitudes for encouraging smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction in smokers with severe mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. Stead, L.F., Buitrago, D., Preciado, N., Sanchez, G., Hartmann?Boyce, J. and Lancaster, T., 2013. Physician advice for smoking cessation. The Cochrane Library.

Research Reflection Report- Free Solution At MyAssignment Help

Question: Describe about a Report for Research Reflection. Answer: Research Methods and Processes Pret A Manger Restaurant was suffering from serious issues related with the degradation of the customer service, low level of quality, communication gap with the patent shops for delivering the products to the twin shops, degradation in the operational model, which was followed by the introduction of twin shops. As all these issues were serious in nature, thus it was necessary to identify effective solutions to improve the company's brand image and reputation in the market. For handling these issues, I thought of opting for varied strategies for effectiveness. Readers: The research methods used to analyse this case were exploratory in nature and were based on secondary data. The reliability and the authenticity of the data are high as it has been collected from the companys official websites only. The problem is not limited to any specific issue. It studies the problem from various perspectives to have a proper solution. To have comprehensive analysis of the case, the study has been divided into four main domains: International Business Strategic Management Marketing Management Organizational Behaviour To study these aspects, various business models have been used. The reason for choosing business models for analysis purpose is to analyse companys current position and strategy and to identify various possible opportunities. Through such tools it would easy to analyse the competitive position of the company. By analysing companys position, it would be easy to identify the problematic areas and thus necessary remedial actions can be taken to solve those issues. To analyse companys international position, Blue Ocean Strategy and Ansoff Matrix have been used. These tools will help to identify various strategies through which the company can penetrate in international markets and diversify its business. Through SWOT analysis and Balance scorecard, I can identify the companys strengths and weaknesses so that the company can work on those issues. These tools will also help to identify the possible opportunities as well possible threats. These tools are excellent way of analysing companys current positions and areas of improvements. For solving issues related to marketing of the products and services, Benchmarking and 4Ps of marketing mix model tools have been used. These tools will help in analysing the impact of companys marketing strategies on its customers. To understand issues related to organizational behaviour, six thinking hats, McKinseys 7S model have been used. For Employers: The case has various issues to analyse. Since the company wanted to expand its business globally so they opened twin shops with small sizes but unfortunately that idea could not turned up into a profitable one. To understand the underlying problems and providing fruitful solutions, it was necessary to analyse the case from all perspectives. Various business models have been used to understand the problems in a better way. These models helped us to identify and amylase the current market position of the company. These are great tools to compare the company with its competitors, analysing effectives of the strategies adopted by the company, identify various options available for the company to grow its business, identify the flaws and bottleneck in the operational activities if any, identify communication gap between the twin shop and parent shops if any. These tools are also helpful in suggesting the company that how it can penetrate the market with maximum customer sat isfaction. The models used in the study will also evaluate the promotional and advertising strategies and its alignment with the companys vision and mission. Literature and Sources For making the research, study effective, secondary data has been used for understanding the concept clearly. I have used various summaries and data published on internet. The varied methods, which I have chosen for the collection data include, archives, server based data, and documentaries, which have been posted by business analysts. Varied financial data has been collected from the website of the company and therefore its reliability and reasonability is high. For justifying the issues faced by the company in the current time because of expansion and the remedies for the same, I have gone through varied journals; articles, web sources for understanding the concept of SWOT analysis, Ansoff matrix, Blue ocean strategy, Mc Kinsey model and organizational strategies. Approximately 32 effective references were used for developing an action plan for the company. All these sources were the main foundation of the action plan, which was effective for the company to implement for fighting t he issues related with the brand image, quality and customer services. Theories used in the research study: SWOT Analysis theory Ansoff Matrix Blue Ocean Strategy Mc Kinsey Strategy Porters Five Force Model Vendor Management inventory Balanced Score Card Theory Marketing Management Marketing Ps Sources Used in This Research Study Journal Articles Books Web Content Online published material Strategies and the reasons for the selection of the strategies and processes have been discussed below: SWOT Analysis: This strategy was selected as it helps in identifying the weaknesses and threats of the company so that these can be covered with the help of strengths and opportunities. By doing this analysis, company will be able to assess the scope of the knowledge for the business. Ansoff Matrix: This process matrix was used for helping the company in assessing the varied types of market penetration strategies and opportunities for the development of the product in the existing market. Balanced scorecard: This strategy was chosen to help the company in implementing the operational mode. The sources are important as they helped in: Determining the simultaneous pursuit of the high differentiation in the product and low cost factor for making competition Sources helped in understanding the strategies for diversification and identifying simple ways for thinking regarding the risks of growth. They helped in determining the strengths and weaknesses of company for making the company avail of new opportunities in the market. All the sources were helpful in brainstorming new opportunities for the company Information regarding the competent rivals, substitution effects, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and competition in between entrants in industry, have been shared in this study because of the sources and theories. Varied theories helped in understanding the perspectives of business Sources helped us in making rapport with the audience so that they can trust that I have done our homework. It also helped in avoiding the incidental plagiarism also. As I have a literature review, I was able to avoid the mishaps of incidental plagiarism on the onset of research study. With the help of assembling outside resources, I was able to condense, evaluate, and synthesize the gist of the outside sources in our own words. All the sources helped me in comparing and contrasting what I am doing in the historical context of the research as well as how the research is unique from what others have done. All the references and theories helped in rationalising why I thought of doing this research study. The main idea was to understand the implications in the business model through the twin shops. Your Knowledge This research study helped us in analysing the importance of customer service, quality maintenance and communication management. With the help of the strategies and theories I was able to identify that the company is suffering from serious issues of customer service, quality maintenance and communication management. I have gained knowledge of varied appropriate frameworks for evaluating and developing the effective organizational responses towards diversity. Formulation of an integrative business project through the application of the multidisciplinary learning was also learned. All the strategies and theories undertaken helped us in analysing what are the major weaknesses faced by the company because of which they are not able to capture the opportunities prevailing in the market. By undergoing this research analysis, I was able to analyse the scope of the knowledge of the business. I was able to analyse the varied penetration strategies in the market and was able to plan an action plan for the development of the product in the existing market. With the help of the literature review, I was able to determine the exact issues faced by the company. Some of the major learning from this research study was: Because of the change in the initial commitment made by the company for delivering the fresh food, company was unable to differentiate its services from the competitors, which lead to serious issues for developing the strategies for marketing and long-term implications of the decision making for twin shops. I analysed that company should take any decision related to any kind of change implementation with the consent of stakeholders, which should include customers also. In this case Study Company did not think about the customers and because of that they lacked in satisfying their demands. On the other side the mangers of the company did not communicate well about the changes in the system and because of that confusion was there in the company. Employees were not aware about what seniors are thinking about them, customers were not getting what they were communicated about and many other similar issues. Because of the twin shop concept, company was facing varied issues which affected the just-in-time production also. Another problem which company faced was related with the management of the shops, as the company identified it difficult for finding the suitable location, which will have prime street visibility and the needed kitchen space. I was able to analyse that in many cases the customers were asked to wait in queues for more than 4 minutes, which was against the policy of the company. All this happened because of lack of communication, company people lacked in implementing serious communication standards in the company and because of which they mainly failed in serving the customers in effective manner. Customers are treated as god by the retail companies as they are the main source of earning for them, but in this case study, demands and importance related with the customers were neglected and because of that company faced serious issues of down fall in profits. Your Learning MBA: From the MBA course, I was able to understand the concepts related to the management of the business. For instance, I was able to understand what business is all about and how it should be handled for better results. The MBA course helped us to develop innovative thinking in decision-making process and effective problem solving skills. It also helped in generating skills for generating novel and value creation products, processes and organizational forms. Theories related with business management, organizational behaviour, communication management, marketing management, entrepreneurial development, global business management, team participation and many other concepts, helps in practical implementation of the theories. Following through Research: The research study helped us to develop logical construct and relevant arguments and information. It also helped us in analysing specific situation and reaching to the logical and fruitful solutions. I was able to analyse the situation from varied aspects. I practically assessed the environment and opportunities for aligning the business activities and thereby developing and implementing the strategic change in complex and uncertain conditions. I demonstrated the ability of managing circumstances where the business practices and social conventions were different. I merely identified the impacts of the decisions and their actions on stakeholders including the interpersonal, societal and organizational considerations. I applied varied appropriate frameworks for evaluating and developing the effective organizational responses towards diversity. I formulated an integrative business project through the application of the multidisciplinary learning. Applying Your Knowledge and What you have learnt from Major Project: This major project helped us in learning how to analyse and apply strategic information for facilitating strategic decision making and employing decision models for selecting appropriate projects for business and managing the growth through the strategies like issues in international expansion. Through this research study, I got the learning of implying theoretical concepts in to practice. This research study also helped in making us learn analytical skills with the help of implying varied business model. The reason why I implemented the business models was to analyse the current positioning of the company and strategy for identifying varied possible opportunities. Through varied tools, I was able to analyse the competitive positioning of the company. Management tools learnt in MBA course helped in identifying the problematic areas and there remedial actions also. Many of the strategies learnt in the business manage ment were applied in determining the strategies for the company in future time. Some of these strategies are Blue Ocean Strategy and Ansoff Matrix. I determined simultaneous pursuit in the product differentiation and the low cost factors, for making competition high. The study helped us in understanding the strategies for diversification and determining the varied ways for thinking in respect of the growth and the risks associated with the company. The strategies allowed me to analyze the strengths and weakness of the company for making the company avail of varied opportunities in the market. Learning regarding the rivals, effects of substitutions, bargaining powers of the buyers and suppliers and competition factors were gained with the help of the theories I studied in MBA. These studies also helped in understanding the perspectives of business and making rapport with the audience so that they can trust that I have done an effective and efficient research study. Critical Thinking and your Ideas While carrying out the research study and analysis, I was able to see that the company is lacking in management of operational activities. Nearly every theory undertaken in the research study especially the SWOT analysis, helped in determining the weaknesses and threats prevailing in the market. Through this theory, I was able to identify that companys communication flow is ineffective and the managers of the company are not playing effective role in communication management. The main discovery from this research study was that if any company wishes to gain success and popularity in market, then the first thing they should focus on, should be communication and even the last thing should also be communication. Having high expectation for the growth of the company is not wrong, if the point of view of owner has to be concerned about, but still just by thinking of growth and neglecting the customer and the promises made to them will only lead to disaster. I was able to lean that it is c ommunication, which helps the managers of company to perform their jobs and responsibilities in effective manner. Communication mainly serves as the medium for planning. All necessary informations should have been communicated to the mangers who in turn should have communicated the plans to implement them further. Organization also needs effective communication with other stakeholders, for completing the job tasks effectively. Similarly, leaders as managers should communicate with the subordinates to acquire the team goals. Communication plays an important role in the success of any workplace programme. The new learning from the research study helps organization in selecting and tailoring their programs and policies for meeting the new heights and growths. Managers are required to devote great part of their time in communication. This particular research study reveals the importance of strategy in the light of Mc Kinsey strategy. Strategic planning has been under the assault for pas t many years. However, good strategy is more important than ever. Learning from the research study influences the management concepts in some way or the other. Barrier met Undertaking Research: There are certain limitations, which I came across while conducting the research study Choosing the research topic is the foundation step on which everything else rests, so it was difficult to identify a research topic, which can gather focus. After considering a lot of topics for conducting this research, I managed hard to come down to this research topic. It was a tough job to make sure that the resource I am using and initial study idea I am working on, does not replicate another study, as it would be too much resource intensive. As the research study is focused towards a specific company, therefore there is a possibility that this will limit the liberalization of the results of the research. Identifying a theoretical context for offering base to the research study was also a difficult task. The key was to have an overreaching theoretical context for the results. However, after a lot of hard when I found the theories that fitted well in the research study like a glove, I got very excited. Another limitation was related with the time constraint. The research study was adjusted with the schedule of the working time of company and availability of data in order to have effective results. The major limitation was availability and accessibility of the data required for carrying out the analysis. Access to the managers of the company was difficult because of the nature of their jobs. There were some people working in the company, who did not offer to share any kind of information as they considered it of competitive importance. Limitation with time made it quite impractical to include more theories and sources in their research study. Completing Major Project: The main objective of the research study cannot be generalized, as it is restricted within the organization discussed in this research study. This research study is only helpful for the integration of the management concepts related the company discussed in this research and for the companies having similar issues. Additionally, the theories and the concepts used in the major project are not unique instead they are generalised methods and that can make readers bored of reading the theories again. Professional development Managing serious situations gives an exposure to understand what problems affects business and in which manner I have to play my role in managing the issues. This case analysis was a good example for us to understand the management concepts and applying the same for better understanding. I was able to understand the underlying issues and offering fruitful solutions for the same. It helped us being exposed to serious issues faced by the company and thereby enhancing a professional development by brainstorming the solutions. Varied business models have been utilised in the research study which helped in making us analyse the process in which problems related with the management can be better or understood. Some great tools were used for comparing the company with the competitors for better understanding the competitors strategy and the areas where the company was lacking. These tools were professional tools and it helped us in building a confident action plan for supporting the company that how it can penetrate the market with maximum amount of customer satisfaction This research study made us understand the promotional and advertising strategies that can be useful for companies which are facing similar issues. This kind of knowledge enhanced the professional learning and knowledge of ours and in future, in case if I will think of moving ahead in any good company then I will be able to imply these learning in a better way if required. Professionally I have become confident enough regarding the usage of a ll kinds of theories and models used in this research study. This research work enhanced my learning skills, brainstorming skills, report-writing skills and above all management skills. The findings of the research study clearly shows that I have gained an understanding of the programme and the subject areas, as the findings are based on many theories and models of business, which I have studied in our management course. The most satisfying fact was, that I was able to apply all what I have learned in the classroom in practical way by developing an action plan for the company. Learning from this research study helped us in influencing the management concepts in some way or the other. Some of the skills which were enhanced during this research study were: Management Skills: As I was able to prioritize, delegate the work effectively. I was able to communicate the research objectives in a professional manner Communication Skills: I was able to get the point across, developing a compelling presentation for supporting the goals and getting ideas for achieving the better results and demonstrating emotional intelligence. Project Management Skills: I was able to grasp the scope and the objectives of the projects and were able to identify the roles and responsibilities of others for using the tools to stay on the track and becoming an efficient and effective member of the cross functional teams. Critical Thinking: Through brainstorming, I was able to identify effective research theories and models of business for implementing the same in the research study for effective results. Objectives The objective of the research study was fully achieved as I successfully drafted an action plan based on the issues faced by the company. The major aim and objective of the research study was highlighting the issues faced by the Pret A manager related with the twin shops. The secondary aim was to highlight how the company changes the business model, which will ensure an annual growth of 15% for the company. The objective was achieved by evaluating the varied types of challenges in both retaining and abandoning the ideology of twin shops. With the help of the strategic models, which I studied in my management course, I was able to imply the same on the company for its operational benefits. With the application of the operational models, company will be able to reduce the risks and will be able to make safe environment for investment. For achieving the objectives, I took support of secondary data and for increasing the success chances of objective achievement, I maintained the reliabil ity and authenticity of the data by taking the data from the official website of company. For effectiveness, the case was analysed from varied perspectives, which I learnt from my management courses. The study material which helped in gaining the objectives of the research study was related with: International Business Strategic Management Marketing Management Organizational Behaviour The reason for choosing various business models was to analyse the current position of the company and to set the standards for achievements and for acquiring new opportunities. Findings and Outcomes The outcomes of the research study were helpful in identifying strategies adopted by the company of twin shops. Findings show that the decision of importing the quality goods from UK adhered to the constraint of quality but at the same time, it proved expensive in bringing more amounts of revenues. For example, with the help of research study, I was able to learn that the company requires following the safe strategies of investment in the blue ocean but because of the factors relating with the quality aspect and satisfaction, company needs to focus more on red ocean strategy. I realised that the company need to offer appropriate training to the staff members for handling the business across the globe. I merely learnt that whenever a company decides to take any decision in respect of expansion of company, at first it should provide and defy the strategic positioning of the location of the store, which will actually ensure the minimum travel time from the store to the parent shop. The recommendation, findings and analysis helped us in learning how manager should set the priorities and delegate the same for effective growth and management of company. The findings helps in farming an action plan about how a company can enter the Australian market and Asia Pacific market for looking ahead the stores which inbuilt the centralized kitchen From the point of view of employers, this case study has varied issues to analyse. Since the company wished to expand its operations globally so they established twin shops with small sizes but unfortunately the findings shows that strategy was not a profitable one. For understanding the issues and offering fruitful solutions, it was necessary for analysing the case from all the perspectives. Varied business models have been utilised for understanding the issues in an effective manner. The findings show that the model helps us in identifying and analysing the current market positions of the company.

The History of Reconstruction free essay sample

Reconstruction is The period that was primarily from 1865 to 1 877 in American history in which the North and South attempted to re-unite after he civil war and address the issues of integrating freed slaves into society. (Bowels, 2011). Unfortunately, the Southern states were not as willing to make changes towards ending slavery. Many people felt the decision to free or continue using slaves should be their own States right to decide, rather than allowing the federal government to make these decisions for them. Although African Americans were supposed to be free, southerners found other ways of keeping them as close to slavery as possible. (Slavery by another Name, n. D. ). One of the ways they were able to intention new forms of slavery, were through what the south referred to as Black Codes. These codes allowed them to marry, but not outside of their own race. They were unable to own firearms, and they could only work on farms. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Reconstruction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page African Americans were not able to travel outside of their area, and the vagrancy clause enabled the South to remain in some form of control of the ex-slaves. The most devastating aspect was the vagrancy clause, stating that if a freed slave did not perform work in accordance with these laws, they could be put in jail or loaned out for enforced work, which is another term or slavery. (Bowels, 2011). The Civil Rights Act of 1 866, which states; That all persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States; and such citizens, of every race and color, without regard to any previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime where of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall have the same right, in every State and Territory in the united States, to make and enforce contracts, to u, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property, (Americas Reconstruction, 2003).Other Amendments that came about after the Civil War are as follows; The Thi rteenth Amendment which was Ratified on December 6, 1865, is stated that Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the parry shall have been duly convicted shall exist within the United States. (Bowels, 2011). The Fourteenth Amendment was created to help prevent the Black codes from continuing in the south.This Amendment was enacted in 1868, it granted citizenship rights so that all persons born in the United States (including ex-slaves) became citizens of the states in which they resided. (Bowels, 201 1). Finally the Fifteenth Amendment which was, Ratified in 1870, it specifically stated that The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. (Bowels, 201 1).This enabled African Americans to be free, have citizenship, and the right to vote. Many African Americans began working in the political arena, but due to Southern prejudice, they were still held back from obtaining higher positions. Some simply avoided the political arena because they feared losing what they already gained in the process. In order to help protect the African Americans rights to vote and be free, the government used military forces to help protect them during these times.In Balance K, Braces speech he concludes that The evidence in hand and accessible will show beyond peradventure that in many parts of the state corrupt and violent influences were brought to ear upon the registrars of voters, thus materially affecting the character of the voting poll lists; upon the inspectors of election, prejudicially and unfairly there by changing the number of votes cast, and, finally, threats and violence were practiced directly upon the masses of voters in such measures and strengths as to produce grave apprehensions for their personal safety as to deter the m from the exercise of their political franchise. (Bruce, 1876). I feel the goals of Radical Reconstruction were important to making these changes possible. Unfortunately, even though the government took drastic assure to try and accomplish these goals, there will always be those who choose to go against what is moral and right for everyone to be equal. I do not think a gradualist approach would have been affective, because African Americans would have continued to be enslaved even longer, and there would have been even more violence occurring during this change.

How to Use Est-ce Que to Ask Questions in French

How to Use Est-ce Que to Ask Questions in French Est-ce que  (pronounced  es keu) is a French expression that is useful for asking a question. Literally translated, this phrase means is it that..., although in conversation it rarely is interpreted that way. Instead, it is a convenience of everyday French, an interrogatory phrase that easily turns a statement into a question. It is a slightly informal construction; the more formal or polite way to ask questions is with inversion, which involves inverting the normal pronoun/noun verb order. But in everyday spoken French, est-ce que is far more common because it does the inverting for you: Est-ce que is the inversion of cest que. (Note that a hyphen is required between ce and est when they  are inverted to est-ce.) The word order of the original sentence stays exactly the same; you just add the already inverted phrase est-ce que to the front of the sentence. This simple structure works best for yes/no questions. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu travailles. / Est-ce que tu travailles?   You work. / Do you work?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paulette la trouvà ©. / Est-ce que Paulette la trouvà ©?   Paulette found it. / Did Paulette find it?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vous navez pas faim. / Est-ce que vous navez pas faim?   You arent hungry. / Arent you hungry? OR Are you not hungry? Note that que must contract when it follows a word beginning with a vowel:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Elle est arrivà ©e. / Est-ce quelle est arrivà ©e?   She has arrived. / Has she arrived?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y a des problà ¨mes. / Est-ce quil y a des problà ¨mes?   There are problems. / Are there problems?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anny vient avec nous. / Est-ce quAnny vient avec nous?   Anny is coming with us. Is Anny coming with us? To ask questions that ask for information like who, what, where, when, why and how, place an interrogative pronoun, adverb or adjective before est-ce que. For example: Qui est-ce que vous avez vu?   Whom did you see?​Quand est-ce que tu vas partir?   When are you going to leave?​Quel livre est-ce quil veut?   Which book does he want? Remember that est-ce que is the inversion of cest que, meaning literally, It is that. Thats why a hyphen is required between est and ce: cest ce est which are inverted to est-ce. Depending on their place in the sentence, the variations  quest-ce qui and qui est-ce qui  are also useful, but understanding them requires further discussion of  interrogative pronouns. For now, heres a summary. SUMMARY OF FRENCH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS Subject of question Object of question After preposition People quiqui est-ce qui quiqui est-ce que qui Things quest-ce qui quequest-ce que quoi Additional Resources Asking questions in FrenchFrench interrogativesExpressions with à ªtreMost common French phrases

Modern European history (18th century till today) Essay

Modern European history (18th century till today) - Essay Example The gradual evolution of early modern Europe gets discussed by making reference to the scientific revolution, the French revolution, and the industrial revolution. Focus shall get placed on the effects of these revolutions from the 18th century to present day influence on the history of modern Europe. The French revolution left an indelible mark on both the French and European history. The revolution took place in the 18th century and represented a period characterized by political and social upheaval in France (Barber 30). The revolution gets attributed to the enlightenment period in Europe, which advocated for the ideals of science and reason over those of faith and religion. The revolution led to the collapse of the absolute monarchy, which had governed France for centuries. The revolution brought up the principles of equality, liberty, and fraternity to the French society. These principles replaced those of aristocracy, feudalism, and religious privileges’ that got marked by the absolute monarchy rule. ... The revolution also led to the rise of the human rights concept through the declaration of the rights of man and its citizens (Mason 132). The revolution marked the end of both the middle ages and abolishment of feudalism. The scientific revolution also marks the modern Europe history. The scientific revolution in Europe in the 18th century built on the ideas of the previous century as they got implemented on large scale. The revolution marked a cultural revolution that led to the understanding of the physical world better. Developments in medicine, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and physics changed the views of society and nature in Europe (Lisa 164). Developments in these fields influence the thoughts on how the universe worked at the time. Inventions in these fields defined the history of modern Europe. The scientific revolution began after the end of the renaissance period and greatly influenced the enlightenment period. This revolution was vital in cementing a foundation for m odern science. Science became a vital part of the public domain. The 18th century saw widespread interest in science through increased circulation of academic writings. The scientific revolution brought along the ideals of experimentation and observation in the verification of phenomena. These ideals led to the development of instruments of measurement. An increase in experimentation and observation led to an increase in skepticism about past authority figures and religion across Europe. The scientific revolution marked the birth of the printing press, a rise of a literate middle class in urban centers, and the development of vernacular languages (Hayes 125). The growth of a literate population during the scientific revolution

Why do we look after children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Why do we look after children - Essay Example Through their research they have show that humans, like primates, share many similar patterns and evolutionary traits with respect to parenting as a means to increase survival. Are we really that different? See Figures 2 and 3 in the appendix at the rear of the paper. Geary and Flinn (2001) assert that â€Å"at a social and behavioural level these characteristics function to allow individuals to gain access to and control of the associated resources, such as food, mates, and territory† (pp. 6-7). The main impetus that holds us from achieving this is largely dependent upon the behaviours exhibited by others of the same species. This complex nature which we call social behaviour is nothing more than the evolutionary process we, as humans, have undergone as a means to achieve this. The only difference is the complexity of the social competencies that a species possesses. As an example, both gorillas and chimpanzees social competencies have evolved so that a great portion of their sustainability lies in their ability to protect their young from other males within their respective species Regardless of the complexity of social competences, humans, as with primates, share one common goal and strategy. â€Å"The ultimate function of parental behaviour is, however, the same: to provide a social context that enables the acquisition of sociocompetitive competencies† (Geary and Flinn, 2001, p. 7). As we have evolved we have adapted to this by means of developing social groupings and ties that assist us in ensuring survival through a cooperative effort to gain the needed resources to assure our sustainability. Figure 4 in the appendices displays what Geary and Flinn demonstrate as the unique characteristics of man as we have evolved. In the following pages we will examine the question ‘why we look after children?’ through examination of the various factors, both psychologically and biologically, that have enabled us to survive as a species, perpetuate our